Soviet Domination of Easter Europe and the Soviet Union-China Split
The cold war thaws and the Soviet Policy in Eastern Europe and China
~ Destalinization and rumbling of protest Desalinization is the process of eliminating the cult of personality and the political system that Stalin created. People that were against his ways tore down monuments dedicated to him. Citizens also marched through the capital of Hungary holding the flag with the communism symbol cut out of it as a form of protest.
~ Who was Nikita Khrushchev? Nikita Khrushchev started off as a journalist and later led the Soviet Union.He later became the first Secretary of the Soviet Union's Communist Party from 1953 to 1964. He pushed Stalin out of the government and placed in jail for the murder of Soviet citizens.
~ Who did Khrushchev condem? Khrushchev condemned Stalin and all of his ways that he created when he was leader of the Russian government.
~ What did he believe the east and west could do? Khrushchev believed that war between the east and west could be avoided
~ Citizens ofThe Soviet Union-controlled governments begin protesting communism.
The citizens were ready to so anything they had to do to stop the spread of communism in their country.
~ Khrushchev sends Soviet military to put downHungary’s Soviet-controlled government.
The citizens were storming through the capital, Budapest mobs waved Hungarian flags with the Communist hammer-and-sickle emblem cut out. Nobody in the country wanted communism as their government.
The revolt in Czechoslovakia
~ Who was Leonid Brezhnev? Fourth General Secretary of the Communist Soviet Union. Replaced Khrushchev and adopted repressive domestic policies. He limited freedom of speech, worship and publishing and arrested many civilians who dared to speak against his rules. He did not tolerate dissent anywhere in Eastern Europe.
Leonid Brezhnev
~ Did he allow dissent? No, not anywhere did he allow this. On August 20, Warsaw Pact nations' armed forces invaded Czechoslovakia. Brezhnev justified this invasion by stating that the Soviet-Union had the right to stop its satellites from turning away communism. This policy was know as the Brezhnev Doctrine.
~In 1968, what did the Warsaw pact do in relevance to Czechoslovakia? Czechoslovakia was part of the alliance of nations called the Warsaw Pact that also included Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania. But, on August 20th 1968, forces from the Warsaw Pact, which Czechoslovakia was previously a part of, invaded Czechoslovakia. Brezhnev thought this invasion was just because the Soviet Union had the right to stop them from rejecting communism after the Czech leader, Alexander Dubcek, loosened his control over censorship to give his country socialism with a “human face”.
Soviet Policy in Eastern Europe and China and the Soviet-Chinese split
~ In 1950, Mao andStalinsign friendship treaty, but tensions grow. Both China and the Soviet Union were great powers in the world and they thought that teaming up would make them unstoppable. But once they both realized that one of them was going to have to take control over the other, tensions started to grow. That is when many battles started near the border.
~ Chinese and Soviets each want to lead world in what ideology? The Chinese and Soviets each wanted to lead the country in communism. Both countries were looking to lead the world in nuclear technology. When two countries want the same thing, competition will break out even if the countries have become close over the years.
~ Khrushcev ends economic aid and refuse to sharenuclearsecrets. The Russian Khrushcev decided that to punish the Chinese for fighting with Russia by not sharing any of their nuclear secrets with them. That, of course, made the tension between the two countries much greater.
~Sovietsand Chinese fight small skirmishes across the border. The skirmishes started roughly a decade after relations between the two countries had begun to vanish. Particularly heated border clashes occurred in the northeast along the Sino-Soviet border formed by the Heilong Jiang (Amur River) and the Wusuli Jiang (Ussuri River), on which China claimed the right to navigate. Since both countries were nuclear threats, they were made to agree that they would not attack through the air. In 1990, the two countries signed a treaty called the "Agreement on Guiding Principles for the Mutual Reduction of Military Forces Along the Sino-Soviet Boundary and the Strengthening Confidences in the Military." This limited the amount of troops allowed on the border and limited military activity to defense.
The superpower face off in Afghanistan
~Sovietsinvade Afghanistan, help Communist government against rebels. The Soviets saw that Afghanistan was weak so they decided that they would invade. This is where the US decided to join the action. There was no way that the US, along with other countries, would allow communism to spread throughout the world.
~ What did the US stop shipping to the USSR? What did the Soviets do in 1989? The United States stopped shipping grain into the USSR. The US was looking for anyway possibly to hurt the USSR. In 1989, due to many problems, the Soviets were forced to pull all of their soldiers from Afghanistan. This made the USSR look weak and the civilians were not happy about it.
~ Muslim rebels fight guerilla war against Soviets with help help fromthe United States.
~ Was the US involved in this conflict at all? If so, how? Yes, the United States was majorly involved in this conflict. They supplied the Afghan rebels with many weapons and stopped grain imports to the Soviet Union. The US was not "friends" with Afghanistan but they were not fond with the USSR so they would do anything to hurt them. Many countries were not for the spread of communism so many were behind the US. Also, the US boycotted the 1980 Olympics in Moscow. In response to the US boycott, Russia boycotted the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles.
Works Cited
Beck, Roger B., Linda Black, Larry S. Krieger, Phillip C. Naylor, and Dahia
Ibo Shabaka. Modern World History Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, Ill.: McDougal Littell, 2007. Print
Coutsoukis, Photius. "Maps of USSR - Soviet Union Maps, Economy,
Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System." Geographic.org - Geography, Climate, Countries, Maps, Flags, Population. 16 Aug 1999. Web. 11 May 2010. <http://www.geographic.org/maps/new2/ussr_maps.html>.
EncycloMedia. "Eastern Europe Video Clips, Free Online Videos â
Encyclomedia." Free Video Clips - Streaming Online Videos - EncycloMedia. 2007. Web. 11 May 2010. <http://www.encyclomedia.com/video-eastern_europe.html>.
Facts On File. "Facts On File History Online." Facts On File Online Databases. 2010. Web. 11 May 2010. <http://www.fofweb.com/NuHistory/default.asp?ItemID=WE53&NewItemID=True>. Hochschild, Adam. The Unquiet Ghost: Russians Remember Stalin. New York, N.Y., U.S.A.: Viking, 1994. Print.
Soviet Domination of Easter Europe and the Soviet Union-China Split
The cold war thaws and the Soviet Policy in Eastern Europe and China
~ Destalinization and rumbling of protest
Desalinization is the process of eliminating the cult of personality and the political system that Stalin created. People that were against his ways tore down monuments dedicated to him. Citizens also marched through the capital of Hungary holding the flag with the communism symbol cut out of it as a form of protest.
Watch Eastern Europe at EncycloMedia.com
Nikita Khrushchev
~ Who was Nikita Khrushchev?
Nikita Khrushchev started off as a journalist and later led the Soviet Union.He later became the first Secretary of the Soviet Union's Communist Party from 1953 to 1964. He pushed Stalin out of the government and placed in jail for the murder of Soviet citizens.
~ Who did Khrushchev condem?
Khrushchev condemned Stalin and all of his ways that he created when he was leader of the Russian government.
~ What did he believe the east and west could do?
Khrushchev believed that war between the east and west could be avoided
~ Citizens of The Soviet Union -controlled governments begin protesting communism.
The citizens were ready to so anything they had to do to stop the spread of communism in their country.~ Khrushchev sends Soviet military to put down Hungary’s Soviet-controlled government.
The citizens were storming through the capital, Budapest mobs waved Hungarian flags with the Communist hammer-and-sickle emblem cut out. Nobody in the country wanted communism as their government.
The revolt in Czechoslovakia
~ Who was Leonid Brezhnev?
Fourth General Secretary of the Communist Soviet Union. Replaced Khrushchev and adopted repressive domestic policies. He limited freedom of speech, worship and publishing and arrested many civilians who dared to speak against his rules. He did not tolerate dissent anywhere in Eastern Europe.
Leonid Brezhnev
~ Did he allow dissent?
No, not anywhere did he allow this. On August 20, Warsaw Pact nations' armed forces invaded Czechoslovakia. Brezhnev justified this invasion by stating that the Soviet-Union had the right to stop its satellites from turning away communism. This policy was know as the Brezhnev Doctrine.
~In 1968, what did the Warsaw pact do in relevance to Czechoslovakia?
Czechoslovakia was part of the alliance of nations called the Warsaw Pact that also included Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania. But, on August 20th 1968, forces from the Warsaw Pact, which Czechoslovakia was previously a part of, invaded Czechoslovakia. Brezhnev thought this invasion was just because the Soviet Union had the right to stop them from rejecting communism after the Czech leader, Alexander Dubcek, loosened his control over censorship to give his country socialism with a “human face”.
Soviet Policy in Eastern Europe and China and the Soviet-Chinese split
~ In 1950, Mao and Stalin sign friendship treaty, but tensions grow.
Both China and the Soviet Union were great powers in the world and they thought that teaming up would make them unstoppable. But once they both realized that one of them was going to have to take control over the other, tensions started to grow. That is when many battles started near the border.
Watch Josef Stalin the Soviet Ruler at EncycloMedia.com
Mao Zedong and Josef Stalin
~ Chinese and Soviets each want to lead world in what ideology?
The Chinese and Soviets each wanted to lead the country in communism. Both countries were looking to lead the world in nuclear technology. When two countries want the same thing, competition will break out even if the countries have become close over the years.
~ Khrushcev ends economic aid and refuse to share nuclear secrets.
The Russian Khrushcev decided that to punish the Chinese for fighting with Russia by not sharing any of their nuclear secrets with them. That, of course, made the tension between the two countries much greater.
~ Soviets and Chinese fight small skirmishes across the border.
The skirmishes started roughly a decade after relations between the two countries had begun to vanish. Particularly heated border clashes occurred in the northeast along the Sino-Soviet border formed by the Heilong Jiang (Amur River) and the Wusuli Jiang (Ussuri River), on which China claimed the right to navigate. Since both countries were nuclear threats, they were made to agree that they would not attack through the air. In 1990, the two countries signed a treaty called the "Agreement on Guiding Principles for the Mutual Reduction of Military Forces Along the Sino-Soviet Boundary and the Strengthening Confidences in the Military." This limited the amount of troops allowed on the border and limited military activity to defense.
The superpower face off in Afghanistan
~ Soviets invade Afghanistan, help Communist government against rebels.
The Soviets saw that Afghanistan was weak so they decided that they would invade. This is where the US decided to join the action. There was no way that the US, along with other countries, would allow communism to spread throughout the world.
~ What did the US stop shipping to the USSR? What did the Soviets do in 1989?
The United States stopped shipping grain into the USSR. The US was looking for anyway possibly to hurt the USSR. In 1989, due to many problems, the Soviets were forced to pull all of their soldiers from Afghanistan. This made the USSR look weak and the civilians were not happy about it.
~ Muslim rebels fight guerilla war against Soviets with help help from the United States.
~ Was the US involved in this conflict at all? If so, how?
Yes, the United States was majorly involved in this conflict. They supplied the Afghan rebels with many weapons and stopped grain imports to the Soviet Union. The US was not "friends" with Afghanistan but they were not fond with the USSR so they would do anything to hurt them. Many countries were not for the spread of communism so many were behind the US. Also, the US boycotted the 1980 Olympics in Moscow. In response to the US boycott, Russia boycotted the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles.
Works Cited
Beck, Roger B., Linda Black, Larry S. Krieger, Phillip C. Naylor, and Dahia
Ibo Shabaka. Modern World History Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, Ill.: McDougal Littell, 2007. Print
Coutsoukis, Photius. "Maps of USSR - Soviet Union Maps, Economy,
Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System." Geographic.org - Geography, Climate, Countries, Maps, Flags, Population. 16 Aug 1999. Web. 11 May 2010. <http://www.geographic.org/maps/new2/ussr_maps.html>.
EncycloMedia. "Eastern Europe Video Clips, Free Online Videos â
Encyclomedia." Free Video Clips - Streaming Online Videos - EncycloMedia. 2007. Web. 11 May 2010. <http://www.encyclomedia.com/video-eastern_europe.html>.
EncycloMedia. "Josef Stalin the Soviet Ruler Video Clips, Free Online
Videos â Encyclomedia." Free Video Clips - Streaming Online Videos - EncycloMedia. 2007. Web. 11 May 2010. <http://www.encyclomedia.com/video-josef_stalin_the_soviet_ruler.html>.
Facts On File. "Facts On File History Online." Facts On File Online
Databases. 2010. Web. 11 May 2010. <http://www.fofweb.com/NuHistory/default.asp?ItemID=WE53&NewItemID=True>.
Hochschild, Adam. The Unquiet Ghost: Russians Remember Stalin.
New York, N.Y., U.S.A.: Viking, 1994. Print.
Kreis, Steven. "Leonid Brezhnev, 1906-1982." The History Guide -- Main.
13 May 2004. Web. 12 May 2010. <http://www.historyguide.org/europe/brezhnev.html>.
Palmer, R. R., and Joel G. Colton. A History of the Modern World. 8th ed.
New York: Knopf, 1971. Print.
Part Of Family Education Network. "Czechoslovakia: History —
Infoplease.com." Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas,
Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free Online Reference, Research
& Homework Help. — Infoplease.com. 2010. Web. 11 May 2010.
<http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0857671.html>.